Enablement: more than just empowerment

The difficulty with the use of empowerment as a concept is that it too often becomes restricted to the area of authority, that is to say the giving of power, rather than the wider context of achievement. For that reason, I prefer to use the term enablement, because that can be more than merely power, but include all the aspects involved in improvement, achievement, skills and success.

Apart from the strategic, goal setting and leadership aspects, management is about delivering, which in turn is dependent on other staff. Good management is about developing, encouraging and increasing the skills of the staff being managed. The better staff perform, the better the manager performs. Enabling staff to give of their best involves several factors. This check list may help managers, especially those new to people management, ensure they succeed in their job by enabling their staff to succeed in theirs.

Delegate outcomes not tasks: see the earlier post on delegation. Allowing staff to work out their own way of achieving the objectives you set them – with support – increase skills, confidence and ability across the board.

Ensure people have the resources they need to do their jobs. This is not only adequate budgets and staff, but access to you and others for advice and help when needed, facilities such as office, equipment, and specialists.

Give them the authority to command the resources they are given: if they need to hire people, they must have the power to select, and to decide on terms etc (within corporate guidelines), and the power to spend their budgets.

Share your skills and knowledge: mentor, coach and support people. A good manager is not threatened by his or her staff being progressively skilled in what they themselves do.

Learn from your people: they will bring different ideas and approaches that you can use, increasing your own skills.

Review successes and failures, identify causes, strengths, weaknesses, so that you and your staff can build on success, and learn from mistakes.

Remove barriers that prevent staff achieving their objectives, because those are your objectives too. Get the extra resources, use your own power and authority to deal with obstructions or lack of cooperation from others in your organisation.

Accept accountability for what others do, as well as what you do. Accountability cannot be delegated: you will be held accountable for what is your responsibility irrespective of whether you personally do the work or it is done by others. Each level below you retains their own accountability, even if the work is delegated further down. For example, the director of a local authority social services department is accountable for how their section managers perform, and for the work of every field social worker. A Chief Constable is accountable for what every PC does.

Praise and reward more than blame. If staff are successful, thank them , and let them know you are aware of and appreciate their success. If things go wrong, find out why, and how to help them.

Develop training plans for each person, based on their existing attainments, knowledge and skills, and what they will need in the future. Ensure they can do what is expected effectively and efficiently.

Have career plans for your staff, based on what they can do, what they will be able to do, and where they want to go, and help them work towards their future.

There is a rule that every manager should understand and communicate: successes are due to the people who did the work. Failures are the fault of you the manager.

It is your responsibility to ensure your staff can deliver: you must enable them to do so.

Delegating for results

It is always good to get positive feedback from people (and important to give it, too), so I was really pleased when someone said that some advice I had given her was the most effective she had ever received. The advice was on how to delegate. She was a specialist who had taken on an important management job, involving several workstreams, frequent unexpected and complicated additional tasks, and a team of people of varying experience.

When I first met her she felt she was having too many problems, had too much work to do, and not getting enough from her team. A few questions showed that she was doing work that others could do for her, that she was not expecting enough from her people, and that she was spending too much time reacting rather than controlling.

She wanted to delegate, but had found that it took longer to explain than to do it herself, and she had to spend too much time ensuring tasks were done and then allocating and defining the next.

I suggested that the key to her problem was that she was delegating details. one after the other. By concentrating on specifics of how to do something step by step, rather than allocating a specific outcome and leaving the person to work out the steps for themselves, she was taking far too much of her time, and the other person's.

The secret to effective delegation is to accept that someone else may not do something the way you do, and may take a bit longer the first time, but that is still better that you doing it, or micromanaging the other person to ensure they do it your way. The way it is done is usually far less important than getting it done. But delegating outcomes still has to be done properly to work.

Here are my views on the key factors:

Delegate outcome, not tasks: ask someone to organise a meeting of sales managers, off site, one day, rather than a succession of tasks allocated one after the other, such as find a venue for a meeting of 30 people near the office for a day, and then check diaries, and then contact all the sales managers, and then set up speakers etc etc. You don't want the tasks done for themselves, you want a sales conference set up.

For this to work, you should provide a clear, succinct brief. Unless you are setting up a relatively big project, one page is usually enough. Writing it down is not essential, but helps to clarify your own understanding of what you want, as well as being helpful to the person you are delegating to. It should state the desired outcome, the important factors that apply, the timescale and the budget available, for example, an expanded version of this:

• Arrange Sales Managers Meeting in May, on a Friday, all day, off site

• Conference room with projectors, white boards and usual high level stuff. 30 attendees.

• Subject: new sales and marketing campaign – coordinate with marketing department and sales director

• Budget for event £50k. Use secretarial support from team.

• Give me weekly report: one page: Achieved this week, planned for next week, problems and issues.

• Seek advice where helpful. Inform me of issues that need my help. Complete arrangements within six weeks.

This approach should ensure that both parties understand what they are trying to achieve, and the general terms of reference.

As a manager you should bear in mind two overriding points. Firstly you may make someone else accountable for something, but you can not delegate your own accountability: you are still accountable for the outcome even if you did not do the work. Secondly, you are responsible for ensuring the person can do the work: it is your job to remove barriers, enable them by giving them the right resources and authority, and encourage them to develop new skills. One idea is to include in the brief the fact that the person should also produce a checklist and short guide for the next time something like that has to be done, whether they do it or someone else does.

Future pieces on this blog will explore some of the issues here in more detail.